The Life of a Broiler Chicken: Sources

The Life of a Broiler Chicken: Sources

  • "Because Katie—like all chickens raised and bred for meat on factory farms—was genetically selected and bred to grow so large, so fast, she had no choice but to desperately eat as much as she could, as often as she could." - *Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas. (2012). Pulmonary arterial hypertension (ascites syndrome) in broilers: A review. Available 11 December 2019. *
  • "Ammonia—wafting from the feces that she was now forced to lay on—filled the air and burned her skin." - *Saif, Y., & Barnes, H. (2008). Diseases of poultry, 12th ed. Ames, IA: Blackwell Pub. Professional. (2008). *
  • "She watched as many of the chicks she had arrived with grew and grew, just like her, before dying in utter agony of cardiac arrest (known as Sudden Death, or Flip Over, Syndrome)" - Newberry, R., Gardiner, E., & Hunt, J. (1987). Behavior of Chickens Prior to Death from Sudden Death Syndrome. Poultry Science, 66(9), 1446–1450. doi: 10.3382/ps.0661446
  • "Destined to be killed for food after just 6-7 weeks of life." - National Chicken Council . (2019, March 22). U.S. Broiler Performance. Retrieved 17, February 2020.
  • "Within the slaughterhouse, she’d be hung upside down by her legs with painful metal shackles." -* Compassion in World Farming. (2019). The Life of a Broiler Chicken. Updated 16 December 2019. *
  • "Katie was one of an estimated 9 billion broiler chickens raised and killed for food each year in the US." - USDA (2020). Poultry Slaughter.USDA: Poultry Slaughter. Updated 24, January 2020.
  • "At just 5 days old, chickens can perform arithmetic—faster than human babies." - Rugani, R., Fontanari, L., Simoni, E., Regolin, L., & Vallortigara, G. (2009). Arithmetic in newborn chicks. Proceedings: Biological Sciences, 276(1666), 2451-2460.
  • "Chickens can vividly dream and experience REM sleep, just like humans." - Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, et al., editors. Neuroscience. 2nd edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2001. The Possible Functions of REM Sleep and Dreaming.
  • "Chickens can distinguish more colors than humans and will choose one over the other when rewarded." - *Animal Behaviour Matters (2014.07.18). Smart Chicken: Teaching Chickens with operant conditioning (Video). *
  • "Chickens raised for meat are bred to grow so large, so fast, that their breast muscles sometimes become diseased" - Scanes, C. G., & Christensen, K. D. (2020). Poultry Genetics and Breeding . In Poultry Science (5th ed., pp. 95–108). Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.
  • "Those who have this condition have difficulty moving and spend much of their time lying down." - Norring, M., Valros, A., Valaja, J., Sihvo, H., Immonen, K., & Puolanne, E. (2018). Wooden breast myopathy links with poorer gait in broiler chickens. Animal : An International Journal of Animal Bioscience, 1-6, 1-6. doi:10.1017/S1751731118003270
  • "As a result, some suffer from this painful syndrome, classified as a type of cardiac arrest, similar to a heart attack." - Hamid, A. (2011, June 21). Sudden Death Syndrome in Broilers.
  • "If a chicken is suffering from this syndrome, they will suddenly, and violently begin flapping their wings, extend their neck, squawk and die within minutes." - *Saif, Y., & Barnes, H. (2008). Diseases of poultry (12th ed.). Ames, IA: Blackwell Pub. Professional. (2008). *
  • "They are also reluctant to move, instead laying down while rubbing their head and their eyelids against their wings." - Saif, Y., & Barnes, H. (2008). Diseases of poultry (12th ed.). Ames, IA: Blackwell Pub. Professional. (2008).
  • "As a result of intensive factory farming, white stripes may run through the flesh of a chicken, increasing fat content and decreasing nutritional value for those choosing to consume the product known as ‘chicken’." - Sihvo, H.-K. et al. Wooden breast myodegeneration of pectoralis major muscle over the growth period in broilers. Veterinary Pathology 54 , 119–128 (2017).
  • "This disease is seen more often in fast growing chickens." - Mudalal, S., Lorenzi, M., Soglia, F., Cavani, C. & Petracci, M. Implications of white striping and wooden breast abnormalities on quality traits of raw and marinated chicken meat. Animal 9 , 728–734 (2015).